|
HAVE TRUNK, WILL TANTALIZE -- A MYSTIFYING
MAMMAL FROM
MACAS
This second
amphibious anomaly of the
mammalian kind is notable for its eminently tangible nature, in the
shape of a stuffed preserved specimen,
but which, tragically, was not purchased when originally seen and is now
apparently no longer on
sale.
The details of this extraordinary case
can be found on
French cryptozoological researcher
Michel Raynal's excellent website, "The Virtual Institute of
Cryptozoology"
(http://perso.wanadoo.fr/cryptozoo/expeditions/ecuador_eng.htm), and
were brought directly to my
attention in early September 1999 by Michel himself, who was interested
to learn my opinion as to the
possible zoological identity of the creature in question. It all began
in July 1999, when Spanish
cryptozoological investigator Angel Morant Fores visited Macas, in
Ecuador's Morona-Santiago Province,
inhabited by the Shuar Indians. During Angel's stay there, he was taken
to a small shop by Shuar guide
Marcelo Cajecai, which contained many animal souvenirs for sale. The
specimen that attracted Angel's
particular interest, however, was a stuffed, superficially mole-like
creature. Unsure of whether, if he
purchased it, he would be permitted by the Ecuadorean authorities to
take it out of the country, Angel
decided not to buy it -- a decision that he bitterly regretted
afterwards -- but he did snap a number of color
photos. One of these appears with his report on Michel's website, and
depicts a truly bizarre-looking
animal.
Measuring 14-16 inches long, this
unidentified creature
has predominantly white fur, but is
marked dorsally with a number of broad brown bands; all four of its feet
are webbed; and, most startling of
all, it sports a noticeable nasal trunk (proboscis) on the end of its
snout.
When Angel returned home,
he and a zoologist colleague, Dr. Carlos Bonet, consulted a number of
publications dealing with South
American mammals in the hope of identifying this bizarre little
beast -- but all to no avail. Angel also showed
his photos to five mammalogists; of these, four were completely unable
to identify the creature with any
known species. Conversely, the fifth suggested that it may have been a
yapok. Also known as the water
opossum and referred to zoologically as Chironectes minimus, this
is the world's only aquatic
species of marsupial.
Yet although, taking into account its
general size, webbed hind feet, and
striped pelage, there is indeed a degree of similarity between the yapok
and the Macas mystery beast,
there are also a number of significant differences. For instance: unless
the latter creature's fur has faded
since its remains were stuffed, it is much paler than the yapok.
Moreover, as pointed out by Angel: its
front feet as well as its hind feet are webbed; it has no pouch (whereas
both sexes are pouched in the
yapok); and the yapok does not possess its distinctive proboscis. So
what could it be?
Not all
marsupials (despite their name) are pouched, so it is not impossible
that the Macas mystery beast is an
undescribed species of aquatic marsupial, quite probably related to the
yapok but even more specialized for
an amphibious lifestyle. Alternatively, as I mentioned to Michel, it may
conceivably be an undiscovered
species of insectivore, analogous to those aquatic, Old World trunked
relatives of moles known as desmans.
Since his return to Spain and his realization that it did not seem to
correspond with any species currently
recognized by science, Angel has made several attempts to purchase the
specimen via a contact in Macas,
Dr. Carlos Tovar, but the owner of the shop in which he saw it is
refusing to sell it. During his stay in Macas, Angel was
informed by a Shuar that this
mysterious species is common in local rivers, so perhaps a specimen can
be secured for study and
identification in the not-too-distant future.
I have recently received fresh
information from Angel Morant Fores that yields a somewhat different
perspective on this case.
Angel has informed me that the creature was recently examined in Macas
by visiting Ecuadorean biologist Dr. Didier Sanchez. He concluded that
it was simply a yapok, and claimed that its most notable features -- its
lack of a ventral pouch, and its nasal proboscis -- were the result of
considerable manipulation of the specimen by its taxidermist, with the
proboscis having been artificially attached to the specimen's snout! If
so, that is the end of the matter as far as any cryptozoological
connection is concerned. However, Angel stressed that Sanchez's verdict
was not definitive, and that in late November 1999 Sanchez succeeded in
purchasing the specimen and brought it back to Quito for further study.
We await the outcome with interest.
|
|
CROSS-TEMPERED AND
CROSSBRED? -- FELINE HORRORS
FROM OREGON
In my previous "Menagerie of Mystery"
(Strange
Magazine #20), I alluded to
a recently developed breed of "domestic cat," the Pixie Bob -- created
from original matings of domestic
cats with the lynx-related bobcat Felis rufus. This sparked off a
fascinating series of e-mails from
well-known science fiction/fantasy writer David Robbins. Author of the
very popular Endworld and Blade
series, and many other novels, David is also passionately interested in
cryptozoology, and has utilized
various cryptozoological themes in his writings. However, the case that
he brought to my attention within
his e-mail communications was not fiction but fact, and featured some
uncomfortably close encounters of
the feline kind.
The following account, reproduced with
David's
kind permission, is quoted from his
first e-mail to me on this subject, dated March 9, 1999, in which he
wondered whether the case described
by him could be explained by domestic cat x bobcat interbreeding in the
wild:
We live
in the mountains of rural Oregon. About six years ago we moved here from
Colorado, and shortly after our
arrival I spotted several cats with bobbed tails, much like those of a
Manx. They were all orange in hue,
though, and quite large. (I always saw them at a distance; they would
run off when they spotted me.) I
didn't think much of it at the time. Then the daughter of our neighbor
across the way mentioned that on the
mountain behind their house, there were "a whole bunch" of these cats.
According to her, some years back
a bobcat mated with one of their domestic cats. The kittens took to the
wilds and rarely come near people.
They all had the same orange coloration, short tails, and were larger
than normal domestics. Still later, we
heard from the girl's mother that the father had shot several of them
after one got into their chicken coop.
All this was borne home recently when one night we heard caterwauling
outside. I hobbled out [David was
still recovering from a car accident at the time] onto the front deck
and there was one of these orange cats
about to attack our male domestic ["Barney"]. It was huge compared to
"Barney," had the same orange
color and a bobbed tail. Since then we've spotted the same cat a couple
of times, but always at night, and it
always runs off. As if that weren't enough, a male bobcat was also
hanging around. My wife and sons were
tremendously saddened when it killed one of our female domestics [called
"Topaz"]. Again, I heard
caterwauling and hobbled out with a flashlight. The bobcat ran off but
later returned and I had a good look at
it on our rear deck. I suspect it was trying to mate with her and her
death might have been accidental, but I
could be wrong.... I have noted that these hybrids seem much more
vicious than ordinary cats, even more so
than the bobcat that supposedly sired them.
Following
an e-mailed reply from me,
requesting further details, David e-mailed me the following additional
information on March 12, which
included a fresh sighting:
I have no definitive proof
these cats are the product of a
Bobcat/domestic cat union besides hearsay and the evidence of my own
eyes. But they certainly are bigger
than domestics, have that "long-legged" Bobcat build, if you will, and
the traditional bobbed tail. I can relate
no information as to their number. At one time, if I remember what we
were told correctly, there were
eight to ten of them, but after the chickens were attacked, our neighbor
reputedly shot quite a few....
Ironically, the big hybrid that came after our male cat, Barney, tried
again two nights ago. I saw him
clearly on our back deck. His musculature is quite extraordinary, his
tail and build exactly as I've
described. In addition, part of his face is disfigured, evidently from
some mishap, lending to a particularly
fierce appearance. (My wife speculated that maybe it is one our neighbor
shot but it survived.) I've
encountered feral cats before. In fact, I shot one some years back after
it made a habit of attacking our
domestic. It was huge and had the same massive musculature but
not the bobbed tail this new orange
one has.
Most of David's third and final e-mail
to me
regarding this episode, dated
March 13, concentrated upon the unexpected fearlessness of humans and
general boldness displayed by the
bobcat that had killed his female domestic, Topaz, and which may
possibly also have sired these strange,
bob-tailed, alleged hybrids -- speaking of which, however, David did
note:
The orange
cat didn't return last night. Its usual pattern is to show up, then not
reappear for about a week or so. What
significance that might have eludes me. Although bobcat x domestic cat
hybrids have been recorded in
captivity on several occasions (and long before the Pixie Bob "domestic"
breed was developed), I am not
aware of any fully-confirmed cases recorded in the wild. Nevertheless,
it is not an impossible scenario,
genetically or behaviorally, although in general I would have expected
an adult male bobcat to kill rather
than mate with a domestic (as may have been the case with
Topaz).
As for the
strange orange pelage of the suspected hybrids (and as specifically
expressed by David, and echoed by me,
there is no proof that these odd felids are hybrids, only suspicion): if
they really are hybrids, they could be
derived from matings between one or more bobcats and a typical ginger
tabby. When I asked David if there
was any likelihood that he could obtain a photo of the orange cat that
had terrorized Barney, he replied that
he could try but did not guarantee success, for three different reasons.
Firstly, he conceded that he was
only a middling photographer.
Secondly, the cat had only appeared
at night. And thirdly, if it did
appear again and made any attempt to attack either of his two remaining
domestics (Barney and an
extremely elderly female), he would be shooting it with something rather
more potent than a camera! If the
latter scenario did take place, however, he assured me that he would
take pictures and measurements of
the carcass, which he would also preserve in case a zoo or some other
zoological institution may be
interested in examining it or taking blood samples for taxonomic
purposes.
To date, however, I have
received no further word from David regarding this cat, so it seems safe
to assume that it is still on the
prowl, just one of several orange-furred feline enigmas frequenting the
mountains of Oregon but eluding
formal identification.
A GIANT OWL AND A GIANT
HYRAX...?
While carrying out Marine
Corps training at a Californian bootcamp during the first half of 1999,
cryptozoological investigator Nick
Sucik put to good use the opportunity to question his fellow recruits,
many of whom were hunters and from
a variety of different U.S. states, concerning mystery animals. On July
3, 1999, Nick posted an extremely
interesting account to cz@onelist.com, in which he detailed some of his
findings. Two of the most intriguing
sections concerned reports of a giant owl and a giant mystery herbivore,
which I have quoted below with
Nick's kind permission. Nick had this to say regarding the giant
owl:
One thing I did
hear about though, came from southern Texas. I was told of a huge white
owl claimed to be about 4 feet tall.
The local Mexican population was extremely superstitious of this animal
and I was told that the one time
this kid actually did see the creature, everyone around him ran away in
fear, their belief was that the owl
was actually a witch and if it landed it would transform into just that,
and if it looked at you, you'd receive
a curse. Of course he didn't believe any of that, but it goes to show
this creature was viewed in awe by the
locals. The significance he stressed was the size of the owl and it
being the color white made it an eerie
spectacle. What I couldn't determine from him was if this bird was known
scientifically, could it be found in
bird books so to speak, or was it only known locally. He never gave a
very confident answer, I think he only
assumed it was known scientifically.
Needless to say,
however, such an owl, of
that size and color, in that location, is certainly not known
scientifically. Morphologically, probably the
closest correspondence can be obtained with the snowy owl Nyctea
scandiaca. However, this only
stands 12-14 inches tall, and although of circumpolar distribution it is
restricted to the arctic
tundra -- which is a far cry indeed from the environs of southern Texas
and Mexico! The largest of all known
species of living owl are the biggest eagle owls, notably the European
eagle owl Bubo bubo and
Blakiston's eagle owl B. blakistoni from the Far East (only
recently reclassified as an eagle owl after
traditionally being categorized as a fish owl), but these rarely if ever
stand two feet tall, let alone four feet.
Much larger owls are known from the fossil record, including
Ornimegalonyx oteroi, formally
described in 1976 from Cuba's Pleistocene, whose height exceeded three feet,
but none is believed to have
survived into modern historical times.
The second mystery beast
that was brought to Nick's
attention during his period of training at bootcamp is even more
fascinating:
Another
one that may very well be a familiar animal but sounded unique I heard
by [i.e. from] one recruit we had
from Ethiopia. I asked him if they had anything unusual or mysterious
where he was from. He said no, but
told me about an animal called in their language a "deep," described as
being "like a bear" except herbivore,
they're about 2 ft. high and 4 ft. long found in the deserts of
Ethiopia, light furred and very rare. He claimed
it was considered dangerous even though it was herbivore. It's said to
be incredibly strong and known to flip
over vehicles by ramming them with its head! Unfortunately, he was
unfamiliar with the English name with
[i.e. for] this creature but brought it up because "there is nothing
else like it in the
world."
This posting elicited a reply from
British
cryptozoological researcher Allan
Edward Munro, who voiced my own thoughts when he noted that Ethiopia's
mystifying "deep" sounded like a
very large hyrax -- i.e. those famous elephant-related but diminutive and
deceptively rabbit-like ungulate
mammals from Africa and the Middle East, also known as dassies or
conies, with hoof-like nails instead of
claws. Nevertheless, no known species alive today is anywhere near as
big or as powerful as the deep; the
largest, Johnston's rock cavy Procavia johnstoni from Central
Africa, is no more than two feet in
total length.
However, as Allan also noted, and as I
have
documented within my book In Search of
Prehistoric Survivors (1995), enigmatic bronze statuettes dating
from the Warring States period of
Chinese history (480-222 B.C.) have been likened by Brown University
ungulate expert Professor Christine
Janis to an officially extinct giant hyrax-like ungulate from the late
Pliocene/early Pleistocene epoch
known as Pliohyrax -- thus implying that perhaps this pig-sized creature
persisted into much more recent
times than suggested solely by the fossil record. (Incidentally, as its
name indicates, Pliohyrax has
traditionally been classed as a gigantic form of hyrax; lately, however,
some paleontologists have opined
that it belongs to a distinct lineage of ungulates.) Certain early
northern African geniohyids (fossil hyrax
relatives) were as big as tapirs or small horses, but these vanished
millions of years ago.
Eager to
learn more about the deep, I contacted Nick to request any additional
information that he could supply to me,
and on July 5 I received the following detailed
reply:
I'm not sure that's a
cryptid at
all. According to Demesa (the recruit), it was a known animal. I
wondered though, was it known to his
people or regionally known or is it an actual scientific animal so to
speak. I believe it may be the latter
though he was unsure [of] the English name given to it...Demesa, 21,
migrated from Ethiopia when he was
14 and had been living in Las Vegas. Since he was originally from Africa
I asked if he was familiar with
Ethiopia having any mysterious animals. He didn't grasp what I meant by
there being "mysterious" or
"hidden animals." I used Mokele-Mbembe as an example. He then understood
but their philosophy of nature
and the animals within tends to vary against ours. According to Demesa,
whether an animal was unknown to
science was irrelevant. Nature needed to be respected and exist unharmed
by man. He told me that there
was once a time in Africa when the animals lived harmoniously amongst
men and that you could actually
walk right past a lion without harm. After he was done with the Green
Peace speech he did bring up a unique
animal called in their language a "Deep." He described it as resembling
a bear but smaller and herbivorous
found in the desert part of the country. About 2.5 ft. tall and 4 ft.
long and it didn't have [as] much hair as a
bear, he claimed. The strength of this animal was incredible, allegedly
able to flip over a jeep ramming it
with its head. Nowadays they're rare due to hunting. Demesa admired it
because it was "one of a kind" like
the lion, he said. That was about it. I think he did say he'd seen one
once but at a distance. Allan Munro
suggested this could be a "hyrax." I have no idea what that
[is].
If Demesa's
description of the deep, as relayed by him to Nick, is accurate, it does
not appear to be a species presently
known to science (at least in the living state). In any case, it would
certainly warrant investigation by any
future zoological visitors to Ethiopia -- especially in view of Demesa's
claim that this creature is nowadays
rare, due to hunting. How wonderful it would be if a chance comment by
Demesa ultimately led to the
scientific unveiling and accompanying protection of a significant new
mammal in his native
Ethiopia.
Indeed, it may not even be confined to
Ethiopia. Chad
Arment recently received an e-mail
from a correspondent whose wife is Somalian. He informed Chad that his
wife apparently knows of the deep
(or at least of a creature resembling it). She claims that in Somalia it
is referred to as the dewacco (in
Somali, the "c" in its name is pronounced like a deep "h"). Deep or
dewacco, there is clearly a notable
mammalian mystery awaiting a satisfactory resolution in parts of eastern
Africa's more remote
terrain.
A MEGALODON TOOTH -- AND
A SEARCH FOR THE
TRUTH
The
giant extinct megalodon
shark Carcharodon megalodon is renowned for its huge teeth, of
which countless impressive
specimens have been obtained in fossilized form. There have also been a
few highly controversial reports of
non-fossilized teeth, which have been cited in support of the
possibility that this most formidable of sharks
still survives (a possibility that, although undeniably slim and the
focus of dissension by cryptozoological
skeptics and critics in the past, is one that I and various other
cryptozoologists do not entirely dismiss, and
which I plan to re-explore in detail within a future publication.) To
date, however, there is no conclusively
verified record of an unfossilized megalodon tooth -- which is why, on
May 26, 1999, an e-mail that I had
received from fellow Strange Magazine contributor Richard Ravalli
attracted my attention. For
within his e-mail, Richard announced that he had recently been contacted
by someone who claims to have on
his website a photograph of what he thinks may be an unfossilized
megalodon tooth!
Thus began an
extensive and meticulously conducted program of research by Richard
concerning this mysterious photo and
the even more mysterious tooth that it depicts, which culminated in a
detailed report of his findings,
e-mailed by Richard to me on June 16, 1999, and which I reproduce in
full below, with Richard's very
generous permission:
[The] picture in question
was
sent to me in e-mail in May of
this year. The person (who turned out to be, according to his e-mails,
Allen James, a high-school student
from Texas with an interest in Megalodon, and who apparently runs a site
on Megalodon which neither of us
[Richard and I] could seem to access) contacted me via Strange
Magazine Editor Mark Chorvinsky
after reading my article on Strange's web page
[www.strangemag.com]. He sent me a photo of what
he felt was a white, unfossilized tooth of the species Carcharodon
megalodon. He claimed to find it on
Ebay (the online auction service) and said the tooth was for sale there.
[I] eventually contacted Ebay's
customer service center to see if I could track the seller and/or buyer
of the tooth down. They did not
return my request. I then contacted various Megalodon tooth sellers on
Ebay to get their opinion on the
photo. All were in agreement that the tooth depicted in the photo is a
fossil. "Megteeth" (Megteeth@att.net),
who did not supply his real name but claims to be a computer engineer
who has studied and traded in
Megalodon teeth for 28 years, commented on the distinctive cracks in the
tooth: "The cracks in the root and
enamel tell me that this tooth, after being lost, absorbed water and
enlarged due to swelling. After many,
many moons, in the slowly desiccating matrix in which it was buried, it
'stress cracked' when the water
went away." [They] were in agreement that the various colors of
fossilized Megalodon teeth (as well as
this one) come about from the particular environments and impurities in
which they lay.
Steve Alter
(not Steve Alten, author of the horror novel Meg) of "Steve's
Fossil Shark Teeth" in Fernandina
Beach, Florida (www.megalodonteeth.com), who is likely one of the top
authorities and dealers in Megalodon
teeth in the U.S., claims to know where the tooth likely originated:
"This tooth is definitely a fossil
(absolutely, 100% without question). Actually there's about a 90% chance
this one came out of the Ashepoo
River, SC. If not then it's from either the Broad or May River in
Beaufort, SC. Either way it's at least 5
million years old. That's where teeth this color come from and I have
seen hundreds of." Alter and
"Megteeth" then proceeded to show me pictures of other white-colored
Megalodon teeth which are known to
be fossils, some of which match the picture in question very closely.
It seems the major point to be made here is that "whiteness" in a Megalodon
tooth does not necessarily denote
its age.
"That reddish-tan is mostly found in
one small part of
South Carolina," Alter continued in
another e-mail. "It's just one of those things that you could never
prove but you get a feel for after dealing
with so many teeth. Same thing on the age. Megalodon teeth have subtle
differences in tooth form over age
(serration size, bourlette width, etc.) that you have to see to be able
to tell. Also, all of the more famous
fossil locales (such as SC, and the FL phosphate mines) have been dated
by determining the age of the
surrounding sediment so it's about as accurate as you can
get."
|
|
RETURN OF
THE WALKING FIR CONE!
One of the strangest mystery animal
reports
emanating from my native
British Isles appeared in my book From Flying Toads To Snakes With
Wings (1997) within a section
entitled "In Pursuit of Neo-Pangolins":
Equally as
incongruous...is a scaly anteater
(pangolin) abounding in England, but how else can we explain the baroque
beast encountered in Dumpton
Park, Ramsgate, Kent, on April 16, 1954, by Police Constable S. Bishop,
and described by him as a
"walking fir-cone?" This is an excellent description of a pangolin,
those insectivorous mammals covered in
huge scales remarkably similar to those of a fir cone or pine cone.
Pangolins, however, are wholly
restricted to the tropics of Africa and Asia. Also, they are so
difficult to maintain in captivity that they
are seldom exhibited in zoos, and hardly ever kept as pets. So even if
we do identify PC Bishop's beast as a
pangolin, how can we explain its presence in a Kent park? We have simply
exchanged one mystery for
another, and emerged none the wiser.
On June 3, 1999,
however, I received a very
interesting e-mail from reader John Mitchell of San Francisco, who had
enjoyed reading about Bishop's
"walking fir-cone" in my book and wished to nominate what may indeed be
another candidate for this odd
beast's identity:
In March, I had the
opportunity to
visit a friend I had hitherto known
only through e-mail and telephone conversations.... He is an insatiable
collector, and his house is full of rare
and wondrous contraptions many a museum would love to have. At one
point, he asked if I'd like to meet his
beloved pet of 15 years -- an Australian shingleback skink. When he
brought the lizard out and set it on the
floor, my exact words were, "It looks like a walking pinecone!" Not the
least surprised at this observation,
my friend revealed that these skinks are commonly known in Australia as
"pinecone lizards." In fact,
"walking fir cone" would be a more apt name for this strange beastie, as
the lizard's brown coloration,
tight cone-like scales and elongated shape make it a dead ringer for a
balsam fir cone.... Given England's
close ties with Australia, it is not hard to imagine that a visitor from
Down Under might have transported a
shingleback skink or two to England. If one were to escape or be
released, it might well favor a park as its
new residence, since these lizards love to hide under logs (further
enhancing the fir cone appearance?) and
can eat just about anything. I don't know how big the beast in question
was supposed to be [no details appear
to be recorded regarding its size], but shinglebacks are reported to
come in a wide range of sizes. The one I
saw was about a foot long. One more thing: having seen the peculiar
head-shaped tail of this lizard (I nearly
petted the wrong end!) I no longer consider the possibility of the
tatzelworm a mere flight of Teutonic
fancy.
John's e-mail is an accurate
description of
the shingleback or pine-cone
skink, also referred to in Australia as the bobtail and the stumpy-tail,
and known scientifically as
Trachydosaurus rugosus. Probably the best-known reptile in
Australia on account of its abundance,
harmless vegetarian lifestyle, general sluggishness, and occurrence in
patches of bush in and around a
number of Aussie city suburbs, the shingleback usually measures
approximately 14 inches when adult, and
is indeed uncannily reminiscent of an animate fir or pine cone. Its
placid temperament and rugged survival
ability make it an easy reptile to maintain as a pet, favoring John's
suggestion that an escapee specimen in
Kent might explain PC Bishop's curious encounter in Dumpton Park.
Certainly, the scenario of a shingleback
on the loose here is in my view a much more plausible prospect than an
absconded pangolin, and I am most
grateful to John for bringing this thought-provoking identity to my
notice.
|